# Lesson Plan: Multiplication and Division
## Subject: Mathematics
## Year Group: Year 3
## Duration: 1 hour
### Lesson Objectives:
1. To understand the concepts of multiplication as repeated addition.
2. To understand the concepts of division as sharing or grouping.
3. To perform simple multiplication and division problems.
4. To relate multiplication and division facts using arrays.
### National Curriculum Links:
- Solve multiplication and division problems using materials, arrays, repeated addition, mental methods, and multiplication and division facts.
- Develop fluency with the 2, 5, and 10 times tables.
### Materials:
- Whiteboard and markers
- Counters or cubes
- Multiplication and division worksheets
- Interactive whiteboard digital resources (optional)
- Flashcards with multiplication and division facts
- Exercise books
- Pencils and erasers
### Lesson Structure:
#### Introduction (10 minutes)
- **Greeting and Settling**: Welcome the students and settle them down for the lesson.
- **Recap of Previous Lesson**: Briefly review what was covered in the last mathematics lesson.
- **Lesson Objectives**: Clearly outline the learning objectives of the lesson.
#### Starter Activity (10 minutes)
- **Counting in Steps**: Counting together in 2s, 5s, and 10s.
- **Interactive Game**: Use an interactive whiteboard game to quickly test multiplication facts (e.g., matching pairs).
#### Main Teaching: (20 minutes)
- **Explanation and Demonstration**:
- Explain multiplication as repeated addition with examples, e.g., 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 is the same as 2 x 3 = 6.
- Use counters or cubes to visually show the concept.
- Explain division as sharing or grouping, e.g., sharing 12 counters into 3 groups to find out how many in each group.
- Demonstrate with counters how to group or share.
- Use arrays to show the relationship between multiplication and division facts, e.g., a 3x2 array can illustrate both 3 x 2 = 6 and 6 รท 2 = 3.
#### Guided Practice: (10 minutes)
- **Hands-On Practice**: Provide each group with counters and a set of multiplication and division problems.
- **Walk Around**: Teachers walk around, assisting and checking for understanding.
#### Independent Practice: (10 minutes)
- **Worksheet Activity**: Distribute worksheets with simple multiplication and division problems for the students to complete independently.
- **Differentiation**: For advanced learners, include word problems or larger numbers. For struggling learners, use more visual aids or reduce the complexity of the problems.
#### Plenary: (10 minutes)
- **Review and Reflect**: Go through some of the worksheet problems as a class. Address any common misconceptions or errors.
- **Quick Quiz**: Use flashcards to do a quick-fire round where students answer multiplication and division facts.
- **Recap Learning Objectives**: Return to the lesson objectives and check how well students feel they have met them.
#### Extension Activities:
- **Advanced Problems**: For early finishers or advanced students, provide more challenging multiplication and division problems.
- **Interactive Activities**: Set up a computer station with multiplication and division games (if devices are available).
### Assessment:
- Monitor student answers during hands-on and independent activities.
- Collect worksheets to check for accuracy and understanding.
- Use the plenary quiz to gauge student recall and fluency with multiplication/division facts.
### Homework:
- Assign a short worksheet or multiplication/division fact practice for homework.
### Resources:
1. [Primary Resources Maths Worksheets](https://www.primaryresources.co.uk/maths/mathsD2.htm)
2. [Twinkl Multiplication and Division Worksheets](https://www.twinkl.co.uk/resource/t-n-2545174-multiplication-and-division-activity-mat-year-3)
### Reflection:
- **What went well?** Consider which activities engaged the students and were effective.
- **What could be improved?** Think about any parts of the lesson that were less successful and why.
- **Next Steps:** Plan the next lesson to build on the understanding developed in this session.
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This lesson plan aims to introduce Year 3 students to the basics of multiplication and division in a clear, engaging, and interactive manner.